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The Buddhist doctrine of the two truths () differentiates between two levels of ''satya'' (Sanskrit), meaning truth or "really existing" in Buddhist discourse: ''relative'' or commonsensical truth or real, and ''absolute'' or ultimate truth or real. The exact meaning varies between the various Buddhist schools and traditions. The best-known is the Madhyamaka interpretation, which says that conventional reality is the only reality that exists (relative truth), but that ultimately everything that exists is "empty", sunyata, of an inherent, everlasting "essence" (ultimate truth). Sunyata itself is also "empty" of such an essence; it is not an Absolute, but a statement about the true condition of "things." The two truths doctrine has also influenced other Indian traditions, especially Advaita Vedanta. ==Etymology and definition== ''Satya'' is usually taken to mean "truth", but does also refer to mean "a reality," "a genuinely real existent." "Satya" (Sat-yá)〔 is derived from ''Sat'' and ''ya''. ''Sat'' means being, reality, and is the present participle of the root ''as'' "to be" (PIE '; cognate to English ''is'').〔A. A. Macdonell, Sanskrit English Dictionary, Asian Educational Services, ISBN 978-8120617797, page 330-331〕 ''Ya'' and ''yam'' means "advancing, supporting, hold up, sustain, one that moves".〔(yA ) Sanskrit English Dictionary〕〔(''yam'' ) Monier Williams' Sanskrit English Dictionary, Univ of Koeln, Germany〕 As a composite word, ''Satya'' and ''Satyam'' imply that "which supports, sustains and advances reality, being"; it literally means, "that which is true, actual, real, genuine, trustworthy, valid".〔 The two truths doctrine states that there is: * ''Relative'' or common-sense truth (Sanskrit ''saṃvṛti-satya'', Pāli ''sammuti sacca'', Tibetan ''kun-rdzob bden-pa''), which describes our daily experience of a concrete world, and * ''Ultimate'' truth (Sanskrit, ''paramārtha-satya'', Pāli ''paramattha sacca'', Tibetan: ''don-dam bden-pa''), which describes the ultimate reality as sunyata, empty of concrete and inherent characteristics. The Sanskrit term for relative, "''saṃvṛti''", also implies nuanced concepts such as false, hidden, concealed, or obstructed. The conventional truth may be interpreted as "obscurative truth" or "that which obscures the true nature" as a result. It is constituted by the appearances of mistaken awareness. Conventional truth would be the appearance that includes a duality of apprehender and apprehended, and objects perceived within that. Ultimate truths, are phenomena free from the duality of apprehender and apprehended.〔Levinson, Jules (August 2006) ''(Lotsawa Times Volume II )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「two truths doctrine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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